An explanation of how a full-wave rectifier with two diodes and a center-tapped transformer works, compared to a half-wave rectifier in voltage and ripple.
An explanation of how a half-wave rectifier converts AC to DC using a single diode, its output characteristics, and its efficiency limitation.
An overview of the ESP32's features — dual-core processor, WiFi, and dual-mode Bluetooth — and how to program it easily via Arduino IDE.
A quick rundown of four essential sensors: the LDR light sensor, PIR motion sensor, infrared receiver, and tilt sensor.