SAE J3016 defines driving-automation levels 0 through 5 by who performs the driving task, who monitors the environment, and who provides fallback at system limits. A level describes a feature in an operating domain, not a quality score for the whole vehicle.
Levels 0 and 1
At level 0 the human drives, while the system may warn or provide momentary assistance. At level 1 the system continuously supports steering or acceleration/braking, but not both, and the driver monitors the road.
Level 2
The system provides steering and acceleration/braking together within its operating domain, while the driver continuously supervises and remains responsible for fallback.
Level 3
The system performs the driving task and monitors the environment in its operating domain, while a fallback-ready user must respond when requested.
Levels 4 and 5
At level 4 the system provides fallback without human intervention inside a defined operating domain. Level 5 extends that capability to all roadway conditions a human driver can manage, without an operating-domain restriction.
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