Astronomer William Herschel discovered infrared radiation in 1800 — electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.7 and 300 micrometers, invisible to the human eye. Today, this property underlies several distinct sensor types that are staples of robotics projects, each suited to a very different job.
PIR motion sensors
These sensors detect changes in the infrared radiation given off by warm objects like the human body, making them well suited to security and automation projects that just need to know "is there movement or not?" without precise distance measurement.
Obstacle-avoidance sensors
These work by sending infrared light and receiving its reflection to detect an obstacle within a short range, typically between 2 and 80 centimeters, making them ideal for mobile robots that need to avoid collisions quickly without needing high measurement accuracy.
Remote-control receivers
Such as the VS1838B, which operates at 38 kHz, purpose-built to pick up signals from remote controls like the ones used with TVs, allowing simple wireless control systems to be built on the same principle.
Distance-measuring sensors
These combine an infrared emitter with a position-sensitive detector rather than relying on reflection intensity alone, giving them higher distance accuracy that isn't thrown off by how reflective the target object's surface is — as is the case with the Sharp sensors covered earlier.
You can find every type of infrared sensor at Juthour Tech.
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