The electronic radar project combines the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with a servo motor to build a rotating scanning system that detects nearby objects and displays them visually on a computer screen in a style that mimics a real radar display, using the Processing environment, which communicates with the Arduino over the serial port.
Components needed
An Arduino Uno R3 board, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor with a measuring range of 2 to 400 centimeters, a small SG90 servo motor with 180-degree rotation, and the Processing IDE installed on the computer to render the results visually.
Wiring it up
The HC-SR04 sensor is mounted on the servo motor's arm so that it rotates with it, sweeping the full angle in front of it. The Trig pin connects to digital pin 10, the Echo pin to digital pin 11, and the servo's control pin connects to digital pin 9. The sensor and the servo share the same 5V and ground connections with the Arduino.
How it works
The servo motor sweeps gradually from 0 to 180 degrees and back, and at each angle the Arduino takes several distance readings from the sensor and averages them to reduce the effect of noise and outlier readings. Each reading, paired with its corresponding angle, is sent over the serial port to the Processing program, which converts these polar coordinates (angle and distance) into a visual drawing that mimics a radar screen: a moving sweep line, concentric circles representing fixed distances, and bright points marking the positions of detected objects.
Practical tip
Avoid moving the servo too quickly between readings — moving too fast doesn't give the sensor enough time to complete an accurate send-and-receive cycle, which produces unstable readings on the screen. It's best to add a short delay (around 15 to 30 milliseconds) after each rotation step.
You can find the HC-SR04 sensor and the SG90 servo motor at Juthour Tech.
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